Management - Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The board - Performance Management - Essay Example Plainly, execution the board is critical to hierarchical objectives since it evaluates the general execution of the association. Arranging execution is a significant hierarchical action since it integrates diverse authoritative elements, for example, HR procedures, technique, and ability. In task 2, it has been clarified why an all around structured execution the executives framework should screen and survey execution. After it, the troubles in evaluating singular execution have been tended to. What is Performance Management? Execution the board can be characterized as the procedure by which line supervisors impact hierarchical jobs and capacities so as to guarantee that genuine results coordinate key points and desires. Generally, associations executed the system of execution evaluations which had various issues. The arrangement of execution the executives means to kill these issues by being a unique framework. The presentation evaluation framework is a static one and in this way ca n't be utilized in the quickly evolving present-day business condition. Execution the executives is a unique procedure which incorporates singular execution destinations or principles of staff with operational plans. Execution the executives is a structure for adjusting human asset the board to authoritative objectives. ... Subsequently, the administration can consider the relevant elements of business procedure, working environment innovation, and worker association. Since these components are considered, hierarchical objectives are all the more deliberately adjusted. This demonstrates the significance of execution the board to authoritative objectives. The procedure of objective setting is a key part of execution the executives. It controls the associations among chiefs and representatives in explaining shared obligations and duties. In this way, it guarantees that they are adjusted to the general execution of the association. Hierarchical objectives are identified with the general execution of the association. On the off chance that they are not adjusted to the vital focal point of the association, the outcome will be poor hierarchical execution (Mintzberg, 1987). Execution the executives guarantees this vital arrangement. The three relevant variables have been referenced. They are on the whole funda mental parts of hierarchical objectives and they are considered by execution the board. For instance, business methodology characterizes the objectives and destinations which give the association its upper hand. Hence, business procedure ought to be remembered for objective setting. This can be accomplished through execution the executives. Execution the board additionally encourages business association. Except if workers are associated with deciding authoritative objectives, they won't be inspired to perform at the most noteworthy conceivable level. All things considered, authoritative objectives may not be powerful. Accordingly, by encouraging representative contribution, execution the executives adjusts worker objectives to authoritative objectives. Therefore, the intensity and generally achievement

A Note on the Arts and Crafts Schools of Germany

A Note on the Arts and Crafts Schools of Germany Essay Tive and in this way enchanting little canvas by D. W. Take a stab at, â€Å"Eveningâ€Septem ber†; J. Francis Murphy shows a little work brilliantly interpretative entitled â€Å"Showery Day†; J. Alden Weir is seen at his best in Autumn,† and William Lathrop in â€Å"A Stretch of Salt Marsh land.† Emil Carlsen’s â€Å"Wood Interior† has beautifying quality beside star nounced excellence both of topic and treat ment; Charles H. Davis’s â€Å"Summer in the Hills† joins old style soul with present day immediacy. Among the painters of winter, the translators of sunlit cold airâ€Schofield, Redfield and Gard ner Symonsâ€are as common to the fore. Daniel Garber’s prize winning picture appears, not just outstanding interpretation of the nuances of light and air, however feeling for structure and a fine feeling of shading. Leonard Ochtman, Willard Met calf, Ben Foster, Bolton Jones and Hobart Nichols send outstanding canvases. That subject is of less significance than treatment is showed by two paint ings, one of a â€Å"Sow and Pigs† in a farm by Horatio Walker, the other of â€Å"Porpoise† jumping through a wave, by Clifford W. Ashleyâ€each individual in treatment however similarly captivating in actuality. Superb instances of still life paint ing are appeared. Pursue sends another splendid work of art of fish, which straightway upon the opening of the ex hibition found a buyer; H. R. Riten berg, Alice Worthington Ball, Hugh Breckenridge, Carl Schmitt and Aline Solomons each contributes an investigation which assists with inspiring the normal of legitimacy. Following the custom of past seasons the Corcoran Gallery has made buys from this show for its lasting assortment getting the accompanying seven works before the entryways were available to the general population: â€Å"My Daught er† by F. W. Ben child, â€Å"Incoming Tide† by R. N.Brooke, â€Å"Woods in Winter† by John F. Carlson, â€Å"Late Autumn Moonrise† by Ben Foster, â€Å"Cape Porpoise† by Chauncey F. Ryder and Autumn† by J. Alden Weir. NOTE ON THE ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOLS OF GERMANY Easygoing American who meanders JL into a room named â€Å"Kunst-Gewerbe Schule† in one of the numerous German in dustrial shows, looks with inert if advertisement soiling eye at the instances of gems, draw ings and weaving, vainly attempts to figure out the signs on the divider allude ring to â€Å"Metal Arbeit,† â€Å"Druckerei† and Sticherei,† and passes on oblivious of the way that he has seen the consequences of one of the most noteworthy components of the mind boggling German educational system. The subtleties of this framework vary in every one of the few urban areas of Germany, yet in the primary the arrangement is the equivalent. It is one which attempts to choose via looking through assessment youthful, yearning and gifted craftsmans, and to prepare them under educators of the most noteworthy evaluations of imaginative information and specialized ability. The time given to this preparation shifts, however it is once in a while under four years, and now and again is delayed for six or seven. The up-and-comers originate from an assortment of sources, a considerable lot of them from the Craft or Gewcrbe schools, estab lished to prepare the fellows that have al prepared had some aesthetic establishment in schools for â€Å"Lchrling† as students. The Lchrling† schools give a touch of drawing with the components of general training to the student who has left the â€Å"Folk† school at fourteen. The Gewerbc† or Craft school gives substantially more in the method of masterful laborer transport and down to earth aptitude, yet it is re served for the â€Å"Kunst-Gcwcrbc† school to take the pick of the youngsters, those with the quickest creative sense and capacity, and train them to deliver work of the most noteworthy specialized request and exceed expectations lence. Numbers don't include in these schoolsâ€one once in a while finds a participation of in excess of 200 or so in the day school and maybe the same number of additional in extraordinary and evening classes, while the resources are huge, regularly twenty-five to thirty educators and aides giving exercises at various occasions consistently. Peruse: sixteenth Century Northern Europe I: Germany and FrancePractically every great measured German city has one of these Arts and Crafts schools. Some, normally, are in manufacture ings which go back various years, however the desire of each chief is to have another structure, and the individuals who have understood this point see their particular schools housed in lovely structures, total with present day comforts. However, however a considerable lot of the more seasoned schools are in structures coming up short on a portion of the things their heads want, it must not be comprehended that they bend sick prepared. On the con trary, the studios and work-shops regularly speak to a venture of numerous thou sands of dollars, which the state means to draw enthusiasm on, through an expanding interest for crafted by German structure ers, replicated in a large number of occupied German manufacturing plants. A composite picture, one which will intend to appear initially exactly what a â⠂¬Å"Kunst-Gewerbe† school resembles, is of need hard to draw. Like all composites it won't be valid for any one school, however for the most part devoted to the sort. What follows, in any case, is an at entice toward this path. See then a major structure with focal secured court loaded up with instances of stu dents’ work, a changeless display of the craftsmanship result of the school. Extended round will be the studiosâ€great rooms, with enormous studio windows and studio seats, model stands, and racks for planning phases. The spaces for cast drawing and for demonstrating will have the dividers balanced profound with mortar throws, while in the adjoining corridors will be scores a greater amount of all sizes from a little bust to an extraordinary gathering of some Greek ace. There will be a library with somewhere in the range of several books on workmanship, and about a great many plates, along with the present craftsmanship magazines, German, English, French and Italian; at that point will come twelve or so studios with prepare ments of drawing tables of different sorts adjusted to the requirements of the understudies of life drawing, mechanical drawing, still life painting, plan, compositional draw ing, etc. Every one of the class studios will have connecting it the Professors studioâ€a great size room, with fine light and all the properties† aggrega ted by an instructor, dynamic in the quest for his spe cial subject out of class hours. Another scope of studios still can't seem to be visitedâ€the â€Å"work-rooms,† about six on the whole, of good size and extent, each intricately prepared for some extraordinary part of work, metal, fired, material, brightening painting, mold, lithogra-phy, book-official, and so forth. (Each school contrasts concerning these unique useful courses.) Again we will discover case after case loaded up with models and again the professor’s studio. In the event that we are welcomed into the last we will sec playmate tiful instances of the workmanship of this practiced educator. Also, the understudies? Normally the more noteworthy number curve found in the studios where bend showed the essentials. In the previous long periods of the course the rooms will be brimming with people, drawing from cast or life, painting still life or working out clever issues in light and conceal, or excellent example. The work is in every case pretty much individual, and on occasion about six diverse tech niques will be utilized by the same number of discrete understudies. This is a striking quality of these classes. The expert fessor must know numerous procedures, and thusly is relied upon to have his stu imprints figure out how to function from the model from numerous points of view and with various media: charcoal, pastel, pencil, watcr shading, oils, gouache, pen and ink, tem pera. Scarcely any things are more noteworthy to the guest than to see a propelled class in drawing or configuration, making enchanting representations in an incredible wide range of structures and handlings. All go on together, however, as one of the instructors commented, The understudies can't all do allâ€but they gain from one an other. In the work-shops things are as occupied, however not almost so swarmed. There one discovers about six or twelve understudies, propelled students altogether grounded in line, structure and example, working discreetly at singular issues. In the event that it is a metal working room one will be building up the components of a jeweled pin, another setting up an enameled box, a third d rawing up a silver measuring glass which is to be embossed,â€a bit of work requiring vast expertise and tolerance. The ace will currently say a word to one, presently to an other, here a touch of assist will with being given, presently an insight with a shrewd sting of criti cism. Peruse: Nazi Germany EssayThe work must be right†Ã¢â‚¬ not all that much or pitiful will go for a moment. In the event that these things need seven days, take a week†Ã¢â‚¬what is seven days in four years’ preparing for authority! So additionally we will discover issues in other shop-studios. In the material room we may see wonderful bits of weaving or maybe a table-front of beguiling shading and structure; in the ceramics room, containers of fine shape and line, containers of interesting pride of structure and colorâ€of course made and terminated in the school oven. The educator of the printing expressions will give us etchings, dry prints, mezzotints, and lithographs made by his little gathering of specialists, and the teacher of sculp ture will display about six ventures all being developed, or may, as in Vien na, take us out into the open nursery back of the school and show the decora tions in â€Å"Calk-Stone made by his students. Perchance, we may come to one room where just a few understudies are grinding away and wonder whether a course so sparsely disparaged is viewed as a suc cess. There we should make the simple mistake of assessing accomplishment in numbers, as opposed to in fine craftsmanship. A word to the chief will fix us. Ok, this course, yes. We have barely any understudies with the correct ability

Capstone Essay Sample and the Capstone Essay Sample Stand Down

Capstone Essay Sample and the Capstone Essay Sample Stand DownStudents must take their capstone essay samples and seminar presentations very seriously. This is because they need to understand the purpose of the event so that they can make the most of the topic. They need to know how it is beneficial for them to be involved in it. This will help them when they are out there for the rest of their lives.Students have specific needs when it comes to preparation. The essence of each seminar and how it relates to the capstone essay sample is what they need to work on. This means that they need to get their needs in line with the general outcome. They should also set goals in terms of time for them to think about.The main thing that the students need to consider when taking their seminar stand is that they need to be able to memorize the best practices in order to be able to do it correctly. They should also be able to come up with the key words or keywords so that they can start writing fr om there. In addition, they need to be able to incorporate it into their essay. Students can then work from this and link to the key words to the main ideas in the paper.Another thing that students need to consider when taking their capstone essay samples and seminar sit down is to organize their ideas properly. They need to know that they can discuss topics in the event effectively. This is because the speakers will be able to give them more information for the paper. This will help them stay organized.It is important for students to write down the key word ideas. These should include the main ones. They should also use these because they can refer to it later.Oncea student remembers the key words, they need to add them into their writing. They should know that they should take their pen and start writing. They should then keep track of the words that they used. They should also look them up in order to make sure that they are using them correctly.It is important for students to re member that they should look up key words in order to make sure that they are using them correctly. There is no reason for them to look them up wrong. They should also take note of all the other parts of the presentation and go over the whole thing again with their pen in hand. The idea here is to understand what they are doing in the seminar.Students should not be nervous about giving a seminar stand and they should just enjoy themselves. They should work on getting their seminar into the right format. They should then move onto the absolution essay samples and take them into consideration when they are writing their dissertation or final paper.

Essay on Case Study - 1230 Words

Module 04 Case Study: Cardiovascular and Immune/Lymphatic Systems Each question is worth 1 point, unless otherwise noted. I’ve Fallen Over and I Can’t Get Up: Part I—Children Playing in The Heat Questions 1. What signs and symptoms did Greg exhibit when he was in the house? Some signs and symptoms Greg experienced were thirst, dizziness, and turgor. 2. Was Mrs. Myron correct when she said that Greg was dehydrated? Which signs and symptoms are consistent with this notion? Mrs. Myron thought that it was not necessary to seek medical treatment. Do you think she was correct? I believe Mrs. Myron was correct when she said Greg was dehydrated. All his signs and symptoms are symptoms of dehydration. I would probably have taken him to†¦show more content†¦Unlike bacteria, that have everything it needs to reproduce, viruses need to use a living cells organelles in order to replicate. 2. In general, how does humoral and cellular immunity differ? Cellular immunity does not involve antibodies and humoral does. 3. Understanding that HIV is a retrovirus (a virus that uses reverse transcriptase), answer the following questions: a. What is reverse transcriptase? Transcriptase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template in reverse transcription. b. How is a retrovirus different from other viruses? A retrovirus composed of DNA and RNA virus with the most complex replication, so it is different from a regular virus. c. How does a retrovirus infect a cell and reproduce? On encountering a host cell, the retrovirus attaches itself to receptors on the surface of the host cell’s membrane. Once inside the cell, the capsid opens, releasing RNA and reverse transcriptase into the cell’s cytoplasm. 4. In regards to reviewing the immune system, answer the following questions: a. What is the difference between a T-cell and B-cell? B-cells mature in bone marrow; T-cells mature in the thymus. b. What is the difference between innate immune response and adaptive immune response? Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigens appearance in the body. Adaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response.Show MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray ‘what it like’ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of participants’ lives experiences of, thoughts about and feelings for a situation. 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Techniques and Assumptions in Jewish Exegesis - 2168 Words

Introduction Hillel is remembered not for his inspired exegesis but for his rationalistic exegetical techniques, (Brewer 219). These rational exegetical techniques have been codified into the Seven Rules of Hillel, which many claim predate Hillel himself (The Seven Rules of Hillel). Regardless of when, how, and with whom the Seven Rules of rabbinical exegesis emerged, it is clear that Paul relied on these rules when conveying the teachings of Jesus Christ to the Jews. As Cohn-Sherbok points out, Pauls use of rabbinical interpretation and exegesis was deliberate and methodical. It has also been suggested that Paul used the Seven Rules of Hillel himself. There may be some historical basis for this presumption: Paul was certainly taught these rules in the School of Hillel by Hillels own grandson Gamliel. When we examine Pauls writings we will see that they are filled with usages of Hillels Seven Rules, (The Seven Rules of Hillel). Therefore, it is natural to read Pauline texts with a rabbinical eye, and equally natural to apply the Seven Rules of Hillel when performing exegesis on books like Romans. One of the reasons why Paul would have wanted to apply the Seven Rules of Hillel to his apostolic mission would have been that a rabbinical interpretation could help his Jewish audience better understand, and more readily accept, Jesus. Paul frequently alluded to the Old Testament when conveying the words or teachings of Christ. The allusions anchored the teachings ofShow MoreRelatedNew Testament Exegesis - Gospel Of Matthew : Concerning Prayer1810 Words   |  8 PagesNew Testament Exegesis – Gospel of Matthew: Concerning Prayer (6:5-14) Introduction Matthew 6:9-13 records the Lord’s Prayer in the account of Jesus Christ. Jesus gave this model prayer to his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount (Greenman, 2012: 4). The Lord’s Prayer has been central to Christian liturgy and tradition ever since. This essay will first summarise the literary structure and historical context, including authorship and date and location of writing and audience of the gospel of Matthew

The United States is Under Cyber Warfare - 859 Words

The United States is under attack. To be exact, the nation’s power grid is under attack in the form of cyber warfare. On May 21st, 2013 Congressmen Edward J. Markey and Henry A Waxman published a report that provided the findings from information that they had requested from over 150 utility companies (of which 60% responded). More than a dozen utilities reported â€Å"daily, constant, or frequent attempted cyber-attacks† (Markey Waxman) with one utility reporting that they have about 10,000 attempted attacks per month! The 2003 northeast blackout that saw about 50 million people from the northeast US and southeast Canada lose power for about 2 days at the cost of $6 billion dollars according to JR Minkel (Minkle) and was the biggest blackout in North American history (Minkle). The disaster lead to a report that showed the blackout was caused by a combination of human error and equipment failure. To prevent issues like this in the future a â€Å"smart grid† needs to be developed that would monitor and repair itself in the event of problems. Essentially computers and applications would be the first responder when there is an equipment failure on the grid. The problem with this solution is that by placing more of the control of the power grid into the hands of computers and applications, it opens up the grid to cyber-attacks. The economic impact of a total or even partial failure of the power grid is astronomical and makes a very appealing target to those who wish to causeShow MoreRelatedC yber Warfare Is The New Warfare Domain1528 Words   |  7 Pages the United States should preemptively attack the opposing country using their cyber warfare capabilities. II. Explanation of thesis and short summary. Cyber warfare is the new warfare domain. 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Conversely, there are those who are not quite sure if cyber warfare is an actual threat. This will also provide an ample answer to questions such as: What is cyber warfare? And will answer the question of, what is the history of cyber warfare? And will answer the question Is there any real way to protect ourselves from a cyber attack? Cyber warfare has been around since the beginning of human creation, when the serpent told Eve to eat from the forbiddenRead MoreDefensive Cyberspace Initiatives Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pageslargely been demarcated by the national security strategies of the United States. The keystone of these strategies has been the United States’ Global War on Terror and it has beguiled not only the U.S., but a majority of the Westernized governments into an over decade long conflict, extending across the globe. 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For example, over the past severalRead MoreInformation Warfare and Cyber Terrorism: Case Studies1248 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Topic Running Head: Information Warfare and Cyber Terrorism Information Warfare Cyber terrorism Russian denial-of-service attack on the country of Estonia in 2007   VICTIM A cyber attack was made on Estonia in 2007, on 26 April 2007 at sharp 10o clock; government of Estonia was made the target for a preplanned cyber attack by some secret foe (Stacy Prowell, 2010). AGRESSOR The exile of the Russian statue that was a means of giving tribute to the Soviet Soldiers for their efforts in WorldRead MoreThe Invention Of The World War II1367 Words   |  6 Pagespoints in warfare driven by advancements in technology. For instance, the invention of gunpowder eventually led to the creation of many new weapons which called for changes in the way battles were fought. Nuclear weapons ended World War II and caused major tension during the Cold War. 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Analysis Of Conventional Banks In Pakistan †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Analysis Of Conventional Banks In Pakistan? Answer: Introduction In this report, financial performance and capital structure of APN Outdoor Company. It is an Australian company which has been providing media and advertisement services to clients. This company has increased its overall profit since last three years and shown high value creation on its investment. This report has shown the capital structure and ratio analysis of company in determined approach. Comparing Firms Capital Structure Capital structure of company is accompanied with debt and equity capital portion of company. economics, each and every company should maintain capital structure of 30 % debt and 70% equity. The WACC of APN Outdoor Company has been computed as below (Gitman, Juchau, Flanagan, 2015). Cost of Equity CAPM Model Risk free rate of return 2.40% Beta 1.3 Market Rate of Return 7% Cost of Equity 8.38% Cost of debt Interest after tax 2956100 Debt 103000000 Cost of debt 2.87% Weights Debts (Loan) 103000000 Equity 222334000 Total 325334000 Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Debt Equity Cost of Capital (WACC) After computing all the details of company, it is inferred that the cost of capital of APN Outdoor Company is 6.64%. The debt of the APN Outdoor Company is 32% and 68% equity funding. This level of capital structure of APN Outdoor Company has shown that company has been enjoying advantage of debt portion in its business. QMS Media Company is one of the biggest rivals of company. It has maintained debt to equity ratio to 22:78. It reflects 22% debt funding and rest 78% equity funding in its capital. Nonetheless, QMS Media Company has cost of capital 7.78% which is quite high as compared to APN Outdoor Company. QMS has high cost of capital and reduced its financial leverage (Finance. Yahoo, 2017). Analysis of Financial Ratios of APN Outdoor Company Throughout the time, with the increasing ramification of economic changes, APN Outdoor Company has increased its overall earning and profit since last three years. The current ratio of company has gone down by .65 points since last three years. Quick ratio has also decreased by .55 points in the same time period. Net profit of company has increased to 20% in 2016 from the net loss of 6% in 2015. The return on capital employed has increased to 26% in 2016. Interest co coverage of company is equal to zero and shown 32% debt and 68% equity portion. Efficiency ratio has also changed with a view to reduce the overall cost of capital. Inventory turnover ratio is zero since last three years due to its zero level of inventory management. Creditors turnover ratio of company has also managed to 40% with view to reduce the amount blockage and cost of capital associated with the same (Brigham Gerhardt, 2013). Significant Changes in the Capital Structure in Past Three Years The share capital of APN Outdoor Company is $58.15, $63.74, and $59.64 million in all 2014, 2015 and 2016. Moreover, Debt portion of APN Outdoor company has increased by 5% since last three years (Finance. 2017). Particulars 2014 2015 2016 Fiscal year ends in June AUD$ '000 AUD$ '000 AUD$ '000 AUD in Million except per share data Long term loans 125 97 133 Wealth Maximization in Past Three Years The stock price of APN Outdoor Company has shown increment of profit by 200% as compared to last three years. This increment showcases that company has increased the value of capital invested by shareholders in determined approach. This increased level of profit and earning of company will provide high amount earning per share of company. It will provide them high level of earning to shareholders who have invested in organization (Hunjra Bashir, 2014) Importance of Minimization of the Cost of Capital Reducing cost of capital may result to increased business efficiency for APN Outdoor Company. It will also result to following advantage such as creation of core competency, increased brand image and shuffling of capital of company. This minimization of cost of capital will also reduce the overall cost of production and increased the contributed profit in determined approach (Karna, Richter Riesenkampff, 2016). Recommendations for Lowering the Cost of Capital This company has maintained 32% debt portion which could be further increased with a view to take tax deduction advantage and low cost of capital associate with the same (Finance. Yahoo. 2017). Nonetheless, simultaneously APN Outdoor company will increase its financial risk if it increases its debt portion. In addition to this, company could also go for finance option which could be available for company at lower cost of capital. Conclusion In this report, it is observed that APN Outdoor company has high debt portion and increased financial risk in its business functioning. However, this has resulted to tax advantage and lowering down the overall cost of capital. Now in the end, it could be inferred that company should maintain effective capital structure that could reduce the cost of capital and financial risk at large. References Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013). Financial accounting: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Finance. Yahoo. (2017). APN Outdoor Group Limited (APO.AX). Retrieved September 16, 2017 from, https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/APO.AX/financials?p=APO.AX Finance. Yahoo. (2017). QMS Media Limited (QMS.AX). Retrieved September 16, 2017 from, https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QMS.AX/balance-sheet?p=QMS.AX Hunjra, A. I., Bashir, A. (2014). Comparative Financial Performance Analysis of Conventional and Islamic Banks in Pakistan.Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE),3(4), 196-206. Karna, A., Richter, A., Riesenkampff, E. (2016). Revisiting the role of the environment in the capabilitiesfinancial performance relationship: A meta?analysis. Strategic Management Journal,37(6), 1154-1173.

Aztec Indians 2 Essay Research Paper Introduction free essay sample

Aztec Indians 2 Essay, Research Paper Introduction to the People of the Sun The Sun is a seeable, astronomical fact # 8211 ; # 8220 ; the one changeless fact of being, the beginning of all life on earth. # 8221 ; It journeys overhead from E to west by twenty-four hours, dips into darkness, and by dark travels underground west to east to lift triumphantly once more at morning # 8211 ; the start of a new twenty-four hours ( Waters 203 ) . The Sun has been the focal point of energy and worship in many civilizations throughout the universe. The Aztecs were one civilization that used the visible radiation of the Sun to prevail over the Central Valley of Mexico. The Aztecs were so # 8220 ; the people of the Sun # 8221 ; . The Aztecs rotated their lives and structured their society around the spirit of the Sun. In regard of the Aztec beginning, this paper will focus on it # 8217 ; s readings around the beams of the Sun. The Sun seems to be the root from which the Aztec civilization grew and produced. We will write a custom essay sample on Aztec Indians 2 Essay Research Paper Introduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Warfare and human forfeit provided the map of refilling that root. The first subdivision of this paper will exemplify three myths centered around the Sun. The proceeding subdivision will demo how these myths helped construction the Aztec society. I. Myths Of The Aztecs In order to understand the Aztec civilisation as a whole, it is necessary to look at the function myths played in developing and keeping the Aztec manner of life. Myths are a mixture of historical fact and fiction which can be used to explicate the construction of societal and political organisation, and the significance of warfare and human forfeit among the Aztecs. Myths will supply a gateway into the complexnesss of the Aztec manner of life. Smith raises an of import point in that the Aztecs had a figure of different, even contradictory, myths depicting the creative activity of the universe, the Gods, and it # 8217 ; s people ( 205 ) . There are so legion myths that can be interpreted as being the ground why the Aztecs lived the life that they did. The fact of the affair is that no 1 myth or combination of beliefs can genuinely explicate the complexnesss of a society that existed centuries ago. The manner of life of the Aztecs was culturally constructed and anyone exterior of that civilization can merely unravel readings. This paper will focus on readings around myths of the Sun. The Four Sun At the beginning of creative activity there was an original # 8220 ; two-deity # 8221 ; high God, Ometeotl, who existed in both male signifier and female signifier. This twosome produced four boies: Tezcatlipoca, Xipe Totec, Quetzalcoatl, and Huitzilopochtli. With the births of these four Gods, a rhythm of creative activity and devastation began that continues to the present twenty-four hours. In the undermentioned Michael Smith illustrates this rhythm of the four boies: There have been four old ages or # 8220 ; suns # 8221 ; , each controlled by a different God and peopled by a typical race. Each Sun was destroyed by a different catastrophe. The God Tezcatlipoca presided over the first Sun, when a race of giants roamed the Earth. This Sun was destroyed by panthers who ate the giants and destroyed the Earth. During the 2nd Sun, presided over by Quetzalcoatl, worlds who lived on acorns populated the Earth. This Sun was destroyed by hurricanes, and the people were transformed into monkeys. Peoples of the 3rd Sun, under the god Tlaloc, ate aquatic seeds. The universe was destroyed by a fiery rain and worlds were turned into Canis familiariss, Meleagris gallopavos, and butterflies. The 4th Sun, presided over by Clalchiuhtlicue, was a clip of gathers who ate wild seeds. They were turned into fish in a great inundation. ( Smith 205 ) This rhythm of creative activity and devastation brings us to the present reigning 5th Sun. It # 8217 ; s regulating divinity is Tonatiuh and its people are maize-eaters. Harmonizing to Aztec myth, this universe excessively will be destroyed, by temblors, and its people will be devoured by sky monsters. The devastation of a universe age or Sun can merely come at the terminal of a 52- twelvemonth rhythm known as the calendar unit of ammunition, but the figure of rhythms that will go through before the apocalypse is unknown. This belief that the Aztec leader, the Sun, would be defeated must hold placed a feeling of fright and pessimism deep in the psyche of the Aztec people. # 8220 ; This profound melancholy contrasts aggressively with the energetic construct of being a chosen people # 8221 ; ( Caso 95 ) . The Aztecs were a powerful civilization who conquered provinces from the seashore of one ocean to the other, and reigned over this imperium for 100s of old ages. How could such reigning warriors believe that one twenty-four hours their ultimate power, the Sun, would be defeated? In the 2nd subdivision of this paper, one will gestate a people who centered their lives around their great god the Sun. Human forfeit and warfare will demo their loyalness to the Sun and the power it created in the endurance of the Aztec civilization. Even though the Acts of the Apostless of the Aztecs may hold appeared loyal and brave, one must retrieve the myth of the four Sun and the rhythm that would do their Sun to one twenty-four hours be conquered. Pessimism and fright must hold laid in the psyche of the Aztec people. Possibly this fright can assist explicate the Aztecs # 8217 ; great devotedness and dependance on their Gods, which will be described subsequently through sacrificial steps. The Creation Of The Complete Sun How the Gods had their beginning and where they began is non good known. But this is obviously, [ that ] there at Teotihuacan # 8230 ; when yet there was darkness, there all the Gods gathered themselves together, and they debated who would bear the load, who would transport on his dorsum # 8211 ; would go # 8211 ; the Sun. And when the Sun came to originate, so all [ the Gods ] died that the Sun might come unto being # 8230 ; And therefore the ancient 1s thought it to be. ( Friar Bernardino do Sahagun ) Harmonizing to the Aztec myth of creative activity the 5th Sun was created through forfeit. Michael Smith tells about The Birth of the Sun at Teotihuacan, which begins with the Gods assemblage in the darkness at Teotihuacan to convey forth the Sun. The two Gods that were chosen to go the Sun were: Tecciztecatl # 8211 ; a rich, powerful and disdainful Godhead ; and Nanahuatzin # 8211 ; a weak, hapless, scab-covered God. A immense fire was built for forfeit. Tecciztecatl showed fright in his effort to throw himself into the fire, so he became the Moon, while Nanahuatzin manifested as the Sun. But the Sun did non travel in the sky and when asked why he replied, # 8220 ; Why? Because I # 8217 ; m inquiring for their blood, their colour, their cherished substance # 8221 ; ( Bierhorst 148 ) . With this response, the Gods realized they must give themselves in order to do the Sun move across the sky. # 8220 ; Quetzalcoatl performed the title, cutting open the thoraxs of the Gods and ta king their hears to offer up to Tonatiuh. And so the Sun assumed its right way across the sky # 8221 ; ( Smith 208 ) . As illustrated in this myth, the suns creative activity and motion began with the forfeit of assorted Gods. Malinowski states that # 8220 ; the myth of creative activity acted as a charter which legitimized the pattern of human sacrifice. # 8221 ; The Aztecs believed that merely as the Gods sacrificed themselves for the Sun, the people must besides supply blood and Black Marias in order to maintain the Sun polishing. The Battle of the Sun Against the Powers of Darkness # 8220 ; Huitzilopochtli was the Sun, the immature warrior, born each forenoon from the uterus of the old goddess of the Earth and deceasing once more each eventide to light with his deceasing light the universe of the dead # 8221 ; ( Caso 13 ) . It was believed that at the beginning of each twenty-four hours Huitzilopochtli, the embodiment of the Sun, had to open combat with his brothers, the stars, and his sister, the Moon. This conflict of twenty-four hours is clearly illustrated in The Aztecs by Alphonso Caso: Armed with the snake of fire, Huitzilopochtli frightens off the stars and Moon with his # 8220 ; pointers of light # 8221 ; . When he achieves his triumph, he is carried up to the centre of the sky by the liquors of warriors who have died in combat or sacrificial rock. When afternoon begins, he is picked up by the liquors of adult females who have died in childbearing, for they are equal to warriors because they besides died taking a adult male captive # 8211 ; the new born kid. During the afternoon the psyche of the female parents lead the Sun to its scene, where the stars die and where the Sun, like the bird of Jove in his autumn to decease, is gathered near once more to the Earth. Each twenty-four hours this Godhead combat is begun afresh, but in order for the Sun to prevail he must be strong and vigorous. For that ground adult male must give nutriment to the Sun. The Aztecs were the people of Huitzilopochtli and hence the chosen people of the Sun. It was their responsibility to provide him with nutrient, or # 8220 ; the charming substance that is found in the blood of adult male # 8221 ; ( Caso 13 ) . With this rule in head, war can be viewed as a signifier of worship and a necessary activity in the Aztec # 8217 ; s continuance of life. II. The Implications Myths had on Aztec Society In this subdivision it will go evident to the reader that, to a certain extent, Aztec world paralleled Aztec myth. The rhythm of devastation of the four old Suns, the creative activity of the complete Sun and the conflict it fights to lift each twenty-four hours, can warrant the importance of warfare and human forfeit amongst the Aztecs. These two facets of Aztec civilisation were non merely a agency in which the people paid testimonial to the Gods and restored the Sun energy, but besides instruments that helped construction the political and societal systems. The forfeits to the great Sun besides restored the importance of common mans in the Aztec category system. Fear may hold lied deep in the psyche of the Aztecs with the fact that their 5th Sun would some twenty-four hours be defeated. But that fright and their trueness to the great Sun, allowed the Aztecs to lift and reflect for many old ages over many lands. The Function of Warfare Amongst the Aztecs The term Xochiyaoyotl or # 8220 ; flowery war # 8221 ; was established to foreground the Aztec impression that war was fought chiefly to take captives for forfeit to the Sun. The map of war for the Aztecs was non to derive new districts or to demand testimonial from conquered people, even though this seems to be a natural happening for the victors of war. War was non merely necessary for the life of a new twenty-four hours, but besides for the enlargement of the Aztec Empire. As the population of the Aztec Empire grew so did the demand for nutrient, goods, natural stuffs and labour. These demands were met through the enlargement of trade paths, the add-on of common mans to the imperium, raising the cost of transporting goods, and increasing tribute duties. Warfare was responsible for the steady addition in demands for goods and services by the province. Traders evoked onslaughts against neighbouring communities, supplying the Aztecs with a ground for war and the subsequent sweep of the imperium. Expansion of the imperium meant increased demands for goods and services which were supplied by the agencies stated supra. This rhythm of war, enlargement and increased demands for goods and services by the province repeated itself clip and clip once more. This procedure could hold been damaging to the Aztec Empire if it were non for the menace of human forfeit which kept everyone in line. Warfare was responsible for the supply of tribute goods to the province from environing communities. When the Aztecs went to war they would provide their enemy with all of the equipment needed for war every bit good as inform their enemy that war was in the hereafter. Once this was done the community under onslaught had two picks. If the enemy wished to give up peacefully they would run into their encroachers bearing gifts of gold, nutrient, and natural stuffs. By making this a community was non merely giving into Aztec domination, but besides condemning itself to a life-time of paying testimonial and providing able work forces for war. The 2nd pick that was available to a community under onslaught from the Aztecs was to support themselves against the encroachers. By taking to support themselves a community was seting themselves in a hazardous state of affairs. A community conquered by the Aztecs had to pay really heavy testimonial and about all warriors captured in war were sacrific ed at the Templo Mayor. The menace of human forfeit guarantee vitamin D that the surrounding towns would set up really small opposition to Aztec regulation as they feared mass forfeit as a effect for seeking to keep independency, and thereby aided in the enlargement of the Aztec Empire. # 8220 ; The battle of the Sun against the powers of darkness was non merely a battle of the Gods, but it was besides, above all, the battle of good against immorality. The mission of the Aztecs, was, so, to be on the side of the Sun, the symbol of good, opposing the fearful Gods of darkness, the symbols of evil # 8221 ; ( Caso 94 ) . This quotation mark carries the message that the Aztecs found justification for their enlargement and conquerings. They were non simply a people who used the menace of human forfeit to derive rule over the city states, furthermore they were a people on a mission to give strength to their Gods and win the war of good over immorality. The Function of Human Sacrifice Amongst the Aztecs # 8230 ; they took [ the prisoner ] up [ to the pyramid temple ] before the Satan, [ the priests ] traveling keeping him by his custodies. And he who was known as the organizer [ of prisoners ] , this one laid him out upon the sacrificial rock. And when he had laid him upon it, four work forces stretched him out, [ hold oning ] his weaponries and legs. And already in the manus of the fire priest lay the [ sacrificial knife, with which he was to cut down open the chest of the ceremoniously bathed [ confined ] . And so, when he had split unfastened his chest, he at one time seized his bosom. And he whose chest he laid unfastened was rather alive. And when [ the priest ] had seized his bosom, he dedicated it to the Sun. After the bosom was removed, the victims, # 8220 ; were sent turn overing down the stairss of the temple, and the stairss were bathed in blood. # 8221 ; A priest so cut off the caput for mounting on a skull rack next to the pyramid. ( Smith 223 ) After witnessing such a gruesome bloodshed, one must inquire how such an dismaying sacrificial slaughter could be the footing of paying trueness to a God, and in bend making and keeping a powerful society. Without the pattern of human sacrifice life as the Aztecs knew it would merely discontinue to be, for the Sun would be unable to give energy to life if it did non have energy from sacrificial victims. The Aztecs believed that life depended on a uninterrupted regeneration of energy between the Sun, which gave energy to all earthly life signifiers, and sacrificial victims, who gave up their # 8220 ; tonalli # 8221 ; ( heat from the Black Marias of sacrificial victims ) to the Sun so that it may go on to prolong life. These repeated forfeits were reverberations of fabulous events. Forfeits kept the myth of the conflict between the Sun and the Moon, the visible radiation and dark, twenty-four hours and dark alive for the Aztecs. The day-to-day birth of the Sun is nestled in the energy given through human forfeit. It was this energy beginning, the # 8220 ; tonalli # 8221 ; , which covered up the fright of a defeated Sun and resurrected the visible radiation it shone for that present twenty-four hours and rhythm. Forfeits non merely restored the Sun energy, but besides provided a rhythm that conserved the Aztec # 8217 ; s societal and political systems. To stay a member of Aztec society an person had to function the province by: engaging war on environing communities ; paying testimonial to the province ; or giving one # 8217 ; s ain life to guarantee the continuance of the province. Human forfeit functioned to keep societal organisation by inculcating each member of the Aztec community with a sense of what must be done in order for the State to go on to map. Human forfeit non merely provided the power for the Sun to reflect, but besides glorified the enlargement and power of the Aztec Empire. The pattern of human forfeit was symbolic of the high quality the Aztec Empire and Lords had over all conquered communities. Sacrifice was non merely a symbol of ageless life, it was besides a tool used by the Aztecs to penalize insubordination and refusal to pay testimonial. The pattern of slave forfeit ensured the cooperation of the common mans within a community, for any disobedient slaves were eligible for forfeit. Transformation from Human to Ixiptla As stated above, the menace of human forfeit was used by the Aztecs as a agency for enlargement, guaranting future testimonial to the province, and maintaining all members of the Aztec Empire in their topographic points executing their portion to guarantee the endurance of the imperium. A cardinal construct that may be losing in this belief is that even though it may look like human forfeit was used in a overpowering and baleful manner, the victims of this ritual were non considered ordinary persons. Merely as the great Gods sacrificed themselves, so excessively were these common mans # 8217 ; and slaves # 8217 ; giving up at that place lives for the good of the people. Michael Smith points out ixiptla translated as # 8220 ; divinity imitator # 8221 ; as being one of the cardinal constructs of human forfeit among the Aztecs. The readyings for a forfeit began long before the existent cut of the knife, sometimes every bit much as a twelvemonth in progress. Most victims for forfeit were enemy warriors captured in conflict. Victims were carefully chosen to fit the demands of the God to be honored. The individual who captured the victim sponsored the forfeit, thereby deriving prestigiousness. The higher the rank of the victim, the greater the prestigiousness. Through a series of rites and ritual cleaning, the human victim was transformed into the incarnation of the God on Earth. The greatly-respected ixiptla spent his last yearss or months populating as a God, and when the twenty-four hours of forfeit arrived, he went with award to run into his destiny. Many forfeits were followed by a ceremonial repast at which the household of the capturer or patron ate a part of the victims organic structure. This was a extremely spiritual juncture designed to honour the victim # 8217 ; s memory. # 8220 ; The victim was viewed as a symbolic kin relation of his capturer, and this act of cannibalism was a sacred portion of the whole rite of forfeit # 8221 ; ( Smith 225 ) . Parts of the organic structure and blood were distributed among these people and the Gods as a manifestation of the Restoration of life # 8217 ; s energy. To the Aztecs, so, human forfeit was so necessary if life was to go on for the people of the Sun and the province. The Aztec Class System The predating construct that slaves were chosen to be transformed into Ixiptla, sacrificed to the Gods and manifested by the people who captured them, in a manner contradicts the Aztec category system. There existed two groups of people within the Aztec society: the Godheads, Lords, and priests ( pipiltin ) made up one group ; while the common mans and workers ( macehualtin ) made up the other. The pipiltin controlled the economic, political, societal and spiritual systems within their ward. They were people born of high descent, who enjoyed many privileges and had authorization over the common mans of their ward. The bulk of Aztec population was made up by the common mans or the on the job category citizens. These people were non of baronial birth and as a consequence they all had to pay testimonial to the supreme leader with their merchandises and services, which were required by the State. All of the macehualtin were required to take portion in war and enlargement. Extreme courage on the battleground was about the lone manner that members of the macehualtin group could increase their position or possible get land of their ain. The male monarch was the supreme leader of the Aztec Empire. He was responsible for all of the states and people over which he had control. The male monarch was highly powerful as a consequence of the Aztec belief that male monarchs were the posterities of the God Huitzilopochtli, the God of war who was responsible for the motion of the Sun. This belief manifests the function of male monarchs as being in the place to intercede between the Gods and work forces, and originate the heavenly activity of human forfeit. It is of import to observe that the male monarchs, unlike the victims of forfeit, were non regarded as Gods. It was merely those slaves who were chosen for forfeit that genuinely became connected with the great Aztec Gods. The priests were in charge of the disposal and care-taking of the temple ; larning about and educating others about the Gods, rites, the calender and uranology ; and most significantly the priests were in charge of executing the rites. Priests kept the sacred fires firing in big brasiers, played music at ceremonials, and made legion offerings to the Gods. # 8220 ; Their faces and organic structures were bleached black. Much of their organic structure was scarred and mutilated from changeless bloodletting. Their common hair, worn long, became matted with dried blood from their ears and linguas # 8221 ; ( Smith 221 ) . This description of a typical Aztec priest may paint a bloodstained image to foreigners, but it besides shows their true devotedness to the Gods. They would give up their blood through # 8220 ; autosacrifice # 8221 ; or piercing in order to pay testimonial to the Gods and rekindle the Sun energy. Although autosacrifice was an of import and prevailing rite, it was mer ely a replacement for the more powerful human forfeit. The Godheads, Lords and priests may look more of import than the common mans and working category citizens, nevertheless these lower category citizens were indispensable in making the powerful Aztec society. It was the testimonial of merchandises and services that the common mans paid to the State which allowed the upper category to bask their olympian life style. As stated above, it was the slaves who could go the formations of great divinities and dice for the Sun and it # 8217 ; s people. It is dry that these lower ranked citizens were so the 1s who became closer to the great Gods and provided in many ways for the rise of the Aztec civilization. Each individual, hence, had an of import function to play in the building of the imperium and the continuance of the life of the great Sun. Decision to the People Of The Sun Light, life or affair in electronic province is transmitted from the Sun, reflected by the planets to Earth in molecular province ; and this, combined with the Earth # 8217 ; s mineral province of affair, produces cellular affair or organic life on the surface of the Earth. But when the organic organic structures integrating this energy dice, their energy is reconverted into light and returns to the Sun. ( Waters 206 ) This illustration of the Sun can be seen as the footing for which the Aztecs lived. The Aztecs were so the people of the Sun. They held many myths that centered around the creative activity and rise of the Sun, and it was through these myths that they created their ain society and rose as a great imperium. The Aztecs offered their ain bloods and Black Marias to reconstruct the Sun, and the Sun returned this energy for life back to the people. It was the Sun who inspired the Aztecs to suppress the surrounding towns and turn as a powerful civilization. It was the Sun which allowed even the lowest graded people to attest as the people of the Sun. Even though the Aztec life was permeated by the profound unhappiness of a hereafter of licking, it still remained strong and critical. Each twenty-four hours that the Sun rose was a conflict to be celebrated by the Aztec people, for the God of life has reigned. As has been stated before, myths are a mixture of fact and fiction. This is adequate to do one wonder how much truth there is in the myths that have been discussed in this paper. It is the determination of each person to make up ones mind what they want to believe, because there are in fact many ways to be human. The mode in which the Aztecs decided to populate was their ain cultural building, and is merely left for others to build readings and cosmopolitan significances. One thing is certain, the Sun played a critical function in the manner of life of the Aztec people. The Aztecs decided to pay testimonial to the Sun as an of import beginning of energy that gives visible radiation and life to all creative activities. Through this energy given off by the Sun, the Aztecs grew and flourished as a powerful people. Although some facets of Aztec life may look ruthless to it # 8217 ; s translators, one beam of visible radiation can be sent to all of humanity. Every life psyche lives benea th the same bright Sun, and with the morning of each twenty-four hours one should be grateful and observe the gift of life they have received for that new twenty-four hours.

Use These Better Verbs in Academic Writing

Use These Better Verbs in Academic Writing If youre new at academic writing, or simply trying to become a better academic writer, there are a few key elements that you need to focus on to develop your skills. First and foremost, you need to be aware of the ten main features of academic writing and why they should all be present in every scholarly article or essay. These are:Complexity- Academic writing is purposefully more complex than other types of prose. Your word choice should reflect a higher reading level, and its common to incorporate a lot of passive verbs and subordinate clauses.Formality- Academic writing carries a certain tone of formality and should avoid colloquial language, slang expressions, or extensive use of contractions.Precision- When youre presenting research, its important to be precise and thorough with your presentation of it. This means that nuances of words are important, and synonyms should be carefully considered to find the best one. This is especially true for verbs, which we will cover later in this article.Objectivity- Scholarly research should be conducted and written objectively, rather than incorporating personal biases and opinions. In such, there will be fewer words that address the reader or refer to the writer; rather, the emphasis will be on the information provided within the essay or article and the clarity of that information.Explicitness- Your academic writing needs to be explicit and clear, which makes it possible for other researchers to replicate your study or pick up where you left off. This means that vague wording should be avoided and transition words should be incorporated to connect ideas and paragraphs.Accuracy- Since academic writing focuses on established methodologies for research, the words you choose to use need to be accurate. This means that you might need to find words that have narrower meanings that their broader counterparts.Hedging- This goes along with the idea of avoiding vague writing by making clear assertions. Hedging refers to havin g a clear stance on a topic and relating that stance in your writing. If the data you are examining shows patterns, you must clearly state that, even those patterns go against your initial hypothesis. If prior research you are using as sources shows gaps or biases, its important to clearly state that, as well.Responsibility- Academic writers must, above all else, be responsible. Academic research is conducted and published to help inform everything from legislation to diet to parenting and more. In other words, as a scholarly writer, you have a responsibility to provide accurate information that is as unbiased as humanly possible. If you are using a source to inform your research, you must clearly state that and avoid plagiarism of others ideas.Organization- Your academic writing must be well organized and logical to ensure your reader understands your research process, your proposed hypotheses, and the conclusions youve drawn from your study.Planning- Research requires adequate pla nning and is often conducted in stages that must occur in a certain order, so your academic writing must be well planned. For example, you cant write a review of literature without first finding sources related to your research. Likewise, you cant comment on the biases or gaps that might be present in prior studies if you havent first explored the scope and quality of literature available on a topic.Academic writing requires precision, planning, and focusing on the nuances of verbs. Photo by Robert Bye on Unsplash.Better verbs for better scholarly writingBetween jargon and overused phrasing, and the requirements listed above, academic writing can seem stiff, boring, and repetitive if you read and write enough of it. Scholarly writing can be more limited than other styles of prose, mainly because it needs to maintain an objective point of view, provide clarity on a topic, and be organized in such a way as to allow another researcher to apply the same methodology to replicate the resu lts.The good news is you dont have to stick with the same, commonly used verbs in your academic writing. In fact, in most situations, there are better, more appropriate verbs that can be used than the ones that are standard across research.Sometimes, a simple thesaurus search can result in replacements and rephrased statements that create a stronger, more nuanced connection or example, which is one of the primary goals of academic writing in the first place. In this way, eliminating weak, overused verbs will make your scholarly writing tighter, less repetitive, and better overall.Lets start first with some commonly used phrases that could have better options. While I dont suggest that you rid your writing of these phrases entirely, make a point to mix it up with stronger alternatives if you find that you use them repetitively.Aims toYoull often see an abstract or introduction containing the words This paper aims to †¦ or This study aims to †¦. In most cases, it is unnecess ary and repetitive, and could be replaced with a verb that will usually follow aims to anyway. For example, instead of writing This paper aims to evaluate the longitudinal research related to XYZ, you could skip aims to and write, This paper evaluates the longitudinal research related to XYZ.Other potential replacements are:This paper/study/research†¦analyzesadvances (the work of/the idea that)assesseschallengesconsidersconveysdiscussesdisputesdissectsestablishesexploresevaluateshighlightsidentifiesillustratesintroducesinvestigatesoffersoutlinesproffersprovesrevealsscrutinizesstrengthens (the position that)supportsunveilsMuch/little is known aboutThis common phrase in academic writing is another example of repetitive wording that can be replaced with more powerful verbs. Instead of noting that much is known about [x, y and z], eliminate the passive be verb and replace it with an active one.Here are some good alternatives:Academic research has explored [x, y and z] extensively.M ultiple researchers have posited that [x, y, and z] are†¦Previous studies have shown that†¦Numerous researchers have found that [x, y, and z]†¦Few studies have been conducted on [x, y and z].Current literature on [x, y, and z] does not explore how†¦However, prior studies have failed to consider [x, y, and z].The data suggests/These findings suggestWhen detailing information that is gathered from research, these expressions are often used and can become repetitive.Here are some good alternatives:We can extrapolate from the data that†¦.These findings show evidence that†¦We can surmise from these findings that†¦The findings suggest is an example of an overused phrase in academic writing. Photo by Josà © Alejandro Cuffia on Unsplash.Verbs based on purpose of useDr. Elaine Khoo, from The Writing Centre at the University of Toronto at Scarborough, offers the following suggestions for academic verbs to use based on the intent of your sentence.Showing cha nge or differenceIncrease:broadenenlargeexceedexpandgenerateimprovemaximizeoptimizeDecrease:declinedeteriorateerodeminimizenarrowreduceworsenDifference or varying:altercontrastconvertdeviatedifferdifferentiatedistinguishdivergeevolvemodifyrevisetransformShowing stabilitymaintainsustainShowing keeping within a certain range/ keeping under a certain levelconfineinhibitprohibitrestrictShowing in-depth studyanalyzeexamineinvestigateobservesurveyStating, restating or reemphasizing ideas conceptsStating:acknowledgeargueattributecommentproposeestablishidentifymentionnoteobservestateRestating:elaborateexpandEmphasizing:emphasizestressDescribing phenomenon or dataDescribing phenomena:acquiredefineimpactsignifysymbolizeDescribing data:approximatedemonstrateindicatelevels offreflectStating positionPositive:advocatehold the view thathypothesizeproposeNegative/contradict:denydisputenegaterejectShowing uncertainty or an extrapolation of informationUncertainty:predictspeculateExtrapolation of inf ormation:deduceimplyinferprojectShowing componentscompriseconsistconstituteincorporate

Workplace motivation techniques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Workplace motivation techniques - Research Paper Example Their review also indicated that social recognition improved performance by 17% while feedback improved task performance by only 10%. All three factors when combined improved performance by 45%. Perry and Mesch concluded that feedback combined with social recognition and monetary incentives produced the most desirable effect on performance (Perry and Mesch 505). Perry and Mesch investigated motivational interventions in service and manufacturing industries and found that performance improvements were larger in manufacturing than in service industries (Perry and Mesch 506). While financial, non-financial and social rewards produced the strongest effect in manufacturing organizations, financial reinforcement produced a stronger effect on task performance in service industries. Ventrice in his research on effects of motivational intervention on performance found that financial incentives significantly affected performance quantity but not quality (Ventrice 122). He, however, found that the type of task did not affect the relationship between financial incentives and performance quality. Other researchers found that goal setting and monetary incentives influence performance independently. Perry and Mesch in their work on incentives found that merit pay resulted in positive outcomes especially for individuals but different institutional arrangements affected the feasibility and effectiveness of merit pay (Perry and Mesch para10). They concluded that merit pay was at best moderately effective. Carroll, on the other hand, found that merit and pay-for-performance systems were ineffective in the public sector as they had little positive impact on employee motivation and organizational performance (Carroll 67). He attributed this result to insufficient fund allocation for merit pay and the lack of managerial and organizational characteristics necessary for an effective pay-for-performance

History of American Ethnics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of American Ethnics - Essay Example In their social and political lifestyle they remain naturally embodied in the simple nature of living and in a way they tend to shun away from the civilization process of life. The noble salvage are regarded as backwards and mostly admired for their simplified mode of living. According to, (The University of Texas at Austin Counseling and Mental Health Center, 2015), the minority model stereotype is a model that is characterized for it rare membership in the society and it is oftenly regarded as the highly group that has the highest positions in the socioeconomic circles of success in the society. They are characterized according to their ethnicity, religion and races among other factors. According to The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2014), their characterization comes into effect through their family stability and social status, education levels and their income rates that they acquire. Both the noble savage and the minority have similarities that they share in their day to day life and often, they tend to meet indirectly at different point in time in their social, political and cultural spheres. According to The University of Texas at Austin Counseling and Mental Health Center (2015), the noble salvage has the inborn nature and culture that they have to be proud of their background and that they must intend to keep it running in their lineage. This applies similarity to the minority noble stereotype that is naturally mentored to keep the family wealth and status at par and be proud of who they are and where they came from. The difference here comes in where the noble savage stereotype tend to bank so much on their origin of nature and the minority noble tend to bank so much on civilization. In this case the minority tend to be good in white collar professionalism as they also do well in their academic and educational levels, (T.K., 2010), notes. The blue

Changing Trends in Indian Marriages

Changing Trends in Indian Marriages INTRODUCTION: Marriages are divine alliance between the two individuals and have to be maintained for the entire life. They portray a bond which unlike business should not be dissolved if any problem arises. Marriages on the other hand make it important to maintain heavenly relationships among the humans and promote peace and love. In this modern world, meaning of marriages has changed all throughout the people making more intense problems to maintain a good relationship among individuals. Even though there are some countries which still follow the traditional ways to make this heavenly bond, there are influences from the western societies and the minds of the people which cause the break-up in relationship and some problems which affect the entire society. In this essay, let us see the trends which have made some huge changes to the cultural marriages in India. The rich customs and cultural heritage in India make marriages a special occasion for the friends and relatives. The marriages in India have different varieties owing to the different religions that prevail in India. Every different religion has different wedding rituals, methods and way of celebrations. The common feature of Indian marriages is fun and excitement due to the gathering of friends and relatives. The developing India, has liked the changes that were brought to marriages from the recent past. In the olden days, there used to be many rituals and customs that take place in the marriages and the marriages were considered as a heavenly bond between the individuals and the families as whole. Traditionally, the approval by the elders of the families was considered more important than of the individuals. The trend that was prevalent among these Indian marriages is that of the dowry system. Main reasons for the plummeting trend of arranged marriages are that of the problems that are created by the dowry system which affects the entire society. This system demands material gifts from the family of brides for the exchange of the bridegrooms. This trend in this modern India has caused some deaths of the entire family or the bride because of the rising of the demands even after the marriages. Other trends which had caused some unrest in the society were that of the practice of Sati by the widow women and child marriages. According to the laws, practice of Sati is illegal in modern India but some cases have been reported. This practice of Sati resembled and was followed by the acts performed by Gods and Goddess depicted in the epic writings of Mahabharata. On the other hand, child marriages portray the suppression of choice of the individuals in the field of marriages. This was done in the early days to maintain the status of the upper caste families in marrying peoples from other castes or of religion. The existence of a society mainly depends on the customs and traditions of the people. These customs remains as a strong pillars in identifying a particular society. Without a tradition or a culture, the man will represent the primitive man from the jungle. This thought urges us to follow a tradition and culture to be respected and make a path of life for the people. The practice of arranged marriages was performed since the fourth century and it primarily was done to pass on the family tradition and culture from one generation to another. The concept of arranged marriages is liked by the majority of the people in India because the love marriages are not penetrated throughout India. The unlikeliness of love marriages is because it is considered against the Indian culture. Nowadays, both love marriages and arranged marriages are accepted in India. The Indian way of marriages is entirely different from the western way of a marriage where the main difference is the matter of choice of b ride or bridegrooms. In the western countries, the couples tend to live together before their marriage which will help them to understand each other in every aspect. But, In India, marriages are planned according to the factors of dowry, caste, age, order of birth among their siblings and the needs of the family to showcase their pride. This tradition which is followed in India causes in inequality to the communities and is also mistreating women in this modern world. About 90% of the Indian marriages are arranged and follow the old tradition of social rituals. Making the individuals in India marry within their caste system bounds them of choices for their likes and also oppresses the ability of women because of the dominant character of men. Marriages are a divine relationship between man and a woman which depends on love, trust and faith between each other. Marriages are celebrated as a festival by the both families to make the couples understand the tradition and value behind the relationship. Problems of Dowry System Treatment of women in India has been on a rise since 1920s before which the women were treated poorly and badly making the life tougher to lead. The change mainly occurred due to the modernisation and because of the laws introduced by the Indian government. Even nowadays, the countries in Middle East have restrictions for women to own land, or to come out of the houses. Even the modernisation of the life of people has not changed the aspects of the oppression of women in the world. In India, â€Å"dowry deaths†, different form of assault on women and â€Å"stove burnings† have become common in India. In India, even the family of a girl tend to show hatred owing to the financial struggle because of the dowry that the girl will bring to the family in the future. This also causes many families to choose unsuitable man for the girl who might have some problems in his health. In India, there are many factors which play an important part in requesting of dowry from the girls family. One of the factors is that of the age of the woman, which should be less if the dowry needs to be less and vice versa. Taking this into account, many families tend to marry the girls just after the girl reached 21 or 23. The gifts or the dowries that are requested from the bridegrooms perspective also depends on the boys study i.e. higher studies is equal to higher bribes(dowry). In India, dowries range from as little as $2000 to as high as $200,000 with some material gifts and jewels. If the girls family cannot stick on to the demands of the boys family, the bridegrooms family might not respect the girl and may exploit and treat her as a maid in the future or may result in dowry deaths. Dowry deaths in India are common and not taken serious by the governments or not bought in to notice. These dowry deaths may make way for the bridegroom to remarry requesting for a better dowry from the other family. The newlyweds in India are the ones who are subject to the â€Å"Dowry Dea ths†. This aspect of violence is skyrocketing due to the living costs and other rise in costs. According to an investigation, there were about 7000 deaths due to the dowry demanded from the brides family. Many deaths go un-noticed or reported due to the status of their family and because of the dominant nature of the bridegrooms family. Other common death prevalent among the Indian marriages due to the dowry systems is that of the â€Å"Stove-burnings†. These incidents occur due to the dowry issue or that of the hatred or misconduct with their wife. These are also classified as kitchen accidents but it is false in the real sense. The husbands who commit crime by killing their wife easily get away from law by bribing the police, judges and other people who serve as an evidence for that case. Most of these crimes go un-noticed in India because of the inequality for women. Taking into account the evil deeds of dowry system in India, government has proposed the dowry prohibition act in 1961 which punishes the person taking dowry for imprisonment and fine. If the demand of a particular person is proved in the court of justice, such person is subject to imprisonment for six months and a fine of $500. A Joint Family System Until the twelfth century, the Indian couples liked the principle of joint family structure and the concept was a main feature of Indian society. But, nowadays due to the urban influence, this principle started to fade out in many families. This system represents the main feature of the Indian society and had a good reputation for the society as whole. Even in many rural villages, this trend of joint family has been reduced to a great extent. The males in families are subject to leave their native to pursue higher education or for a lucrative job in the metros. The main reason that can be blamed for is that of the industrial growth in many countries which has led to this decline. Other reasons for this decline can also be stated to the increase in divorce rates and urban migration. The people who are financially sound, career oriented and who has the freedom to make their independent decision mainly contributed for this change in the joint family system. This decline in joint familie s has improved the bond between the couples in many cases and vice versa in some cases. In case of any misunderstanding between the couples have been easily solved if they were in a joint family or the situation could become worse and lead to deaths in other cases. Other important issue that arise in the Indian marriages is the age of women, where the concept of two people uniting together is side-lined. According to the marriage act of 1986, the idle age for marriages is below 18 for female and below 23 for males. This rule by the government has caused infertility and population growth in India. The population growth in the recent years has called the people of India to go in for a one-child per family policy. This is also a main cause for the gender equality prevailing in the country. Another reason for this gender gap can be pointed out to the act that made abortions legal but, illegal to sex selective abortions. The trend of Indian marriages are changing because of the immigrants who get to foreign countries for work and living. In the past, there were many cultural limitations as women getting separated from the own family system and moving to another system. This system allows the tradition of Indian marriages intact and keeps balance of the shift from immigrants in culture these days. Although there are some laws passed in the past to protect women from oppression or ill-treatment, these customs will still prevail as they are deeply rooted in the minds of people from India. Nowadays, the trend of marrying a person who is of other caste or other religion is getting common. These changes were mainly due to the social awareness and advancement of the society. These changes arose due to the approval of the love marriage decision which brings happiness to their sons or daughters life. Although, love marriages are accepted, the final result of the marriage turns out to be an arranged marriage by the approval of the elders in the family. The people of the orthodox family background still follow the tradition of marrying within the caste and religion. The love marriages which are not performed by the approval of the family members may lead to hatred of the each community and may turn in to a riot between the communities or families. Change of Surnames after marriage Another important aspect of marriages in India is that of the tradition of changing the surnames of the brides after the marriage. Even though this concept of changing the surnames portrays a male dominated India, it creates a strong feeling of love and togetherness among the couples and the family members. In Hindu mythology, it says that the unique family name brings a feeling of secure and love. It also says that the women are epitome of familys pride and respect and the replacement of the surname depicts the responsibility taken by her in sustaining and improving the familys name in the society. This change also expresses the sacrifice and obedience to the elders in the family. Its main aim is to show the status of the women and show that she belongs to that particular family. Man in the other hand secures his wife and children and leads a happy life in the society. This change helps in securing the family tradition for many generations to come. The women regain her maiden family name if she plans for a divorce from the husband which is the common system around the world. Due to the advancements in the society and the empowerment of women, this wonderful tradition is vanishing in many metros in India. This portrays the women values are on the rise and there are getting more secure in the society by being independent to make their decisions. Dissolution of marriage Divorce or dissolution of marriages has been a rare case in the Indian family history. The respect, values and public opinion have made this decision unfeasible in the past. Indian marriages are a sacred bond between the couples of two families and not just an agreement to stay together as liked by the elders in the family. Even in case of torture, pressure and stress from the husbands family or the husband himself have not caused any dissolution keeping in mind the difficulties that the woman has to face in the future. In Hindu culture, virginity of a woman is an important aspect of a marriage and guarded as a respectability of a woman. This makes it difficult for the women for a remarriage after her divorce. Owing to this entire problem a woman can face in the future, marriages nowadays are just a transfer of a female from one community to another. The sacred moments between the couples are missing and are just a relationship to share some aspects of life. Even though there is a change in shift of the culture, the Indian marriages are strong in every aspect and unlike that in western countries which are very fragile and break for silly reasons. The divorce rates are very rare in Indian society where only one in fifty couples apply for it when compared to four out of ten couples who go in for separation. The divorce rates in the urban India are on a rise owing to the advancements in the society. Government has also made the divorce and remarriage legal by law and have to apply for their separation before the court. The higher rate of divorce in the cities cannot say that the concept of life long marriages are in trouble, it only gives them the freedom to keep away from the unlike that pre vious generations accepted. The increases in rate of divorces only mean that people are ready to sacrifice their marriage for unsatisfactory relationships. The Muslim law of Sheriat says that it is legal for a Muslim to have multiple wives in India. The government has also recently approved the concept of homosexual marriages in India Conclusion Even though India is emerging in all the fields for improvement, its culture of showing inequality for women is still not changed in form of marriages. The dowry system, stove burnings, female foetus abortion ratio all state and remain as an evidence for the issue. Even though these factors are a hindrance to the emerging society, this tradition is important in every means to lead a decent life in India. The empowerment of women has given a new dimension for them to show their talents in many fields. The government has allotted 33% for the women to encourage their ability and prove that women in India are living in a modern era and not that of the times when they were not given permission to study or come out of their houses. This initiative from the government in the past has made India accept the first president after the regime of A.P.J.Abdul Kalam. Even though government has been giving many percentages for women, the tradition of arranged marriages wont change in the coming year s. The deed of arranged marriages is also related to the respect and pride got from the close family relatives and friends on regarding the marriage system. In India, almost 90% of the marriages are arranged and successful owing to these positive outcomes, people go by the traditional way of arranging the marriages. The practice of arranged marriages in India cannot be judged as a false idea because of the divorce rates in India are less than 5% of the total marriages and the society is optimistic about these outcomes.

The Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka Essay -- Papers Poem Poetry

The Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka The "Telephone Conversation" by Wole Soyinka is a poem that's title is very casual and straight forward. The poem's title shows the reader that what they are meant to read is realistic and free flowing. Like most poems there is a general theme that is carried on from start to end. The "Telephone Conversation" has two main obvious themes; these are racism and the lack of education and understanding that some people may have. As the reader reads through the play they become aware that the persona is African and therefore has a darker skin tone than white skinned people. The poet has given the persona as well as the landlady different forms of speech. The persona appears to speak a little more formally than the landlady and this could perhaps be to lack of education and understanding towards the landlady or even that she feels the persona is unclear of the English language. The persona tends to be more formal and use more official ways of speaking, "Down in my passport." The speech of the landlady is written in capital letters. This could have been done deliberately by the poet to emphasize how the landlady imagines the persona to look like. "ARE YOU DARK? OR VERY LIGHT?" This illustrates to the reader that the landlady speaks slowly and clearly to the persona as she may see the persona to be dumb and unfamiliar with the words coming out of her mouth. The poem's form is different to most other poems. The "Telephone Conversation" has been written to make the reader feel more at ease and relaxed when reading it. It is written in blank verse and therefore there is no rhyme... ...fect of sinking into the mind of the reader. It is a poem which has a real meaning that is obvious to people and can help them understand some of the problems that we face in today's society, problems like racism. The subject of this poem is not one that is only faced by one person. The poem can be used in a therapeutic way to those who have experienced the same or similar discrimination in their life. This poem helps others become more aware that they are not the only people in the world with these thoughts and feelings and that they have every right to speak up and express their feelings defensively. Not only is the effect of this poem beneficial to those who have been discriminated but also to those who are discriminating. It allows them to open their eyes and see how they are affecting the lives of innocent people.

Magnetic Tape Essay

Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany, based on magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and play back audio and video using magnetic tape are tape recorders and video tape recorders. A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape is a tape drivOver years, magnetic tape can suffer from deterioration called sticky-shed syndrome. Caused by absorption of moisture into the binder of the tape, it can render the tape unusable. Merits: Capacity * One of the key advantages of magnetic tape is its capacity for holding data. Magnetic tape was the first medium able to hold a feature-length movie on a small, inexpensive device, thus enabling the home video market of the 1980s. In addition, compact cassettes can hold music on both sides, giving them a 90-minute total playing time, which is even greater than most CDs. Editing * Magnetic tape is also easy to edit using a traditional linear-editing system. This can involve duplicating a portion of a tape to a master reel, or physically cutting the tape and attaching the desired portions together with glue, splicing cement or adhesive tape. Editing in this manner requires no special computer equipment and may be less expensive and/or easier to learn than nonlinear digital editing. DEMERITS: Generation Loss * One of the disadvantages of magnetic tape is generation loss, which refers to the fact that each successive copy of a tape loses quality compared to the original. This can make it difficult to use magnetic tape for editing-intensive projects, or when extremely high fidelity is important. Digital media, on the other hand, can be copied and reproduced indefinitely with no visible or audible difference between the original and any of its copies. Durability * Another problem with magnetic tape is its tendency to stretch out over time, causing the quality of the data to deteriorate. On old video tapes, this generally appears in the form of poor audio, and picture data can eventually suffer as well. Over time magnetic tape acquires a layer of magnetic debris from recording and playback heads, which may need to be cleaned periodically to continue functioning. Mechanical Complexity * The mechanical complexity needed to use magnetic tape is another disadvantage of the medium. Items like cassette and VHS tapes include two separate reels, as well as a mechanism for exposing a small portion of the tape inside a player or recording device. Reel-to-reel tape players use multiple motors and moving parts, each of which is susceptible to mechanical failure. In the realm of digital media, flash-based memory uses no moving parts, thus eliminating this problem. Advantages and Disadvantages of a USB Flash Drive February 27, 2012 Advantages and disadvantages Advantages Compared to hard drives, flash drives use little power, have no fragile moving parts, and for most capacities are small and light. Data stored on flash drives is impervious to mechanical shock, magnetic fields, scratches and dust. These properties make them suitable for transporting data from place to place and keeping the data readily at hand. Flash drives also store data densely compared to many removable media. In mid-2009, 256 GB drives became available, with the ability to hold many times more data than a DVD or even a Blu-ray disc,[2] Most personal computers support USB as of 2010. Flash drives implement the USB mass storage device class so that most modern operating systems can read and write to them without installing device drivers. The flash drives present a simple block-structured logical unit to the host operating system, hiding the individual complex implementation details of the various underlying flash memory devices. The operating system can use any file system or block addressing scheme. Some computers can boot up from flash drives. Specially manufactured flash drives are available that have a tough rubber or metal casing designed to be waterproof and virtually â€Å"unbreakable†. These flash drives retain their memory after being submerged in water, and even through a machine wash. Leaving such a flash drive out to dry completely before allowing current to run through it has been known to result in a working drive with no future problems. Channel Five‘s Gadget Show cooked one of these flash drives with propane, froze it with dry ice, submerged it in various acidic liquids, ran over it with a jeep and fired it against a wall with a mortar. A company specializing in recovering lost data from computer drives managed to recover all the data on the drive.[42] All data on the other removable storage devices tested, using optical or magnetic technologies, were destroyed. Disadvantages Main article: Flash memory#Limitations Like all flash memory devices, flash drives can sustain only a limited number of write and erase cycles before the drive fails.[43][unreliable source?][44] This should be a consideration when using a flash drive to run application software or an operating system. To address this, as well as space limitations, some developers have produced special versions of operating systems (such as Linux in Live USB)[45] or commonplace applications (such as Mozilla Firefox) designed to run from flash drives. These are typically optimized for size and configured to place temporary or intermediate files in the computer’s main RAM rather than store them temporarily on the flash drive. Most USB flash drives no longer include a write-protect mechanism, although a small number have a switch on the housing of the drive itself to keep the host computer from writing or modifying data on the drive. Write-protection makes a device suitable for repairing virus-contaminated host computers without risk o f infecting the USB flash drive itself. A write-locked SD card in a USB flash card reader adapter is an effective way to avoid any writes on the flash medium. The SD card as a WORM device has an essentially unlimited life. A drawback to the small size is that they are easily misplaced, left behind, or otherwise lost. This is a particular problem if the data they contain are sensitive (see data security). As a consequence, some manufacturers have added encryption hardware to their drives—although software encryption systems which can be used in conjunction with any mass storage medium achieve the same thing. Most drives can be attached to keychains, necklaces and lanyards. The USB plug is usually fitted with a removable and easily lost protective cap, or is retractable. USB flash drives are more expensive per unit of storage than large hard drives, but are less expensive in capacities of a few tens of gigabytes as of 2011 Maximum available capacity is increasing with time, but is less than larger hard drives. This balance is changing, but the rate of change is slowing.. Most USB based flash technology integrates a printed circuit board with a metal tip which is simply soldered on. As a result the stress point is where the two pieces join. Some manufacturers quality control does not ensure a proper solder temp further weakening the stress point. Since many Flash Drives stick out from a users laptop or PC they are likely to be bumped repeatedly in their life time and may break at the stress point. Most of the time a break at the stress point results in permanent damage to the printed circuit board where the joint is torn from the circuit. However, some manufacturers produce discreet flash drives that do not stick out and others use a solid metal uni-body that has no easily discernible stress point.